Iingoma kunye neeKwayala
Procession on the occasion of the slave liberation, Cape Town showing drums and trumpets, 1854. Painting by George Duff (active 1846-1864). Image from the MuseumAfrica Collection (71/534).
I-Goemaliedjies ekuqaleni yayiziingoma ezidanisa ezikhatshwa ligubu kwaye ziculwa ngamakhoboka kwiipikiniki kunye ne-Tweede Nuwejaar (usuku lwesibini lonyaka omtsha) eyayiyiholide yabemi bekoloniyali abangamakhoboka. Ikakhulu iculwa ngesiBhulu, iigoemaliedjies zazihlekisa ngabantu, ngamanye amaxesha abo baphetheyo, kwaye zibonwa njengohlobo lomculo woqhanqalazo. Imvelaphi yezi goemaliedjies ayicacanga njengemvelaphi yolwimi lwesiBhulu ngokwalo, kodwa kukhuselekile ukuthi zingumxube weengoma zamaDatshi kunye nezama-Indonesia, ukudibanisa uburharha kunye nezimbo zazo zombini izithethe.
Die Angeliere Singing Choir. Performance at the Afrikaans Taal Monument, 2024. Photograph by Heidi Erdmann.
IiMoppies ziingoma ezikhawulezayo zokufowuna kunye nokuphendula ezinamazwi ahlekisayo achaza okanye abhekisele kwiziganeko zezihloko ezijolise ekwenzeni abaphulaphuli bahleke ngenxa yamazwi kunye neengoma zomdlali oyedwa. Kwezi ntsuku ziqanjwe ngokudibanisa iingoma ‘ezibolekiwe’ kwiingoma zepop zalapha ekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe zaze zafakwa phezulu kwisingqi segoema.
I-Nederlandslieder, iingoma zokuqala zaseDatshi, ziyimveliso yokudibanisa kunye nokuxuba izinto ezivela eYurophu, kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yamaSilamsi kunye ne-United States. Ezi ngoma ziphawulwa ngokutshintshana komntu ocula yedwa ocula iingoma ezihonjiswe ngeekarienkels (ilizwi aliphumi ngokungafaniyo neyodel) kunye nekwayala ecula iichords zethoni yemvisiswano. Lilonke, kukho amakhulu ambalwa kuphela iingoma ezinjalo, zonke zigcinwe ngokugqithiswa ngomlomo. I-Nederlandslieder kunye neemoppies zombini zinxulunyaniswa noluntu lwamaMuslim (okanye iCape Malay), kwaye ziculwa ngokubanzi, ikakhulu ziikwayala ezingamadoda, ngamanye amaxesha zikhatshwa zizixhobo.
Photo by Ray Ryan, 1957. From the E. van Z. Hofmeyr & J. Lückhoff Collection (BK40), Iziko Social History Collections.
I-Klopse ngamaqela athatha inxaxheba kwimingcelele yesitalato ngexesha leCarnival ngokwembali eyayibanjwe nge-2 kaJanuwari. Igama elithi Klopse, elivela 'kwiiklabhu', lichaze iiklabhu zezemidlalo kunye nezentlalo kunye nemibutho ehlangeneyo yoluntu lwe-creole oluya ezitratweni ukubhiyozela uNyaka omtsha. Le mibutho yayidla ngokuba namaqela aculayo. Ukuze bahlule amaqela ahlukeneyo, babenxiba izinxibo ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo, yaye iqela ngalinye lalicula uluhlu lwalo lweengoma.
Minstrels in Cape Town. From Wikimedia Commons; licenced under CC BY 2.0
I-Klopse yaphenjelelwa kukusetyenziswa kwee-Minstrels 'kweempahla kunye nokwenza, kunye neebhendi zokumatsha zobhedu, ezazisa izixhobo ezinokuphatheka kakuhle, njengamagubu, iibhanjo kunye neentambula. Izixhobo zobhedu zongezwa kamva. Njengendlela yoqhanqalazo, i-Klopse yadlala i-whiteface endaweni ye-Minstrel's blackface.
A Malay Choir performs at a competition in the Good Hope Centre, Cape Town, 2001. By Henry M. Trotter via Wikimedia Commons, released into public domain.
IKrismiskore (iikwayala zeKrisimesi) ngamaqela obhedu abizwa ngokuba ziikwayala kuba ekuqaleni ayengamaqela aculayo. Bavula ixesha leCarnival ngokuthatha izitrato ngobusuku bangaphambi kweKrisimesi. Zibotshelelwe kumabandla athile, iikwayala zicula iingoma, iingoma kunye neengoma zokumatsha, kodwa zingamatsha njengeKlopse. Bahluke omnye komnye ngempahla yabo eyahlukileyo.
Kaapse Klopse marching through Cape Town, 2017. By Olga Ernst via Wikimedia Commons, licenced under CC BY-SA 4.0.
INagtroepe (iikwayala zasebusuku) ziikwayala zaseCape Malay ezicula ngobusuku bangaphambi koNyaka oMtsha, zicula kwaye zimatsha kwizitalato zesixeko. Ngomhla weTweede Nuwejaar, emva koSuku loNyaka oMtsha, banokujoyina amaqela ahlukeneyo eKlopse. Bacula ii-moppies kwaye ngamanye amaxesha bakhatshwa zibhendi zobhedu okanye zeentambo.
